Momiji's Writing

In Indonesia according to Nawacita that has been declared by President Joko Widodo, Food Security is one of the main focus for his work period. However, although it almost two years of his work, people in agriculture sector seems pessimistic about this goal. There are a lot of problems to settle before we can aim for food security. 

What is Food Security?

Food security already becomes the main focus in this past reign. This goal is noted in Constitution of republic Indonesia article number 27 and Rome Declaration in 1996. Even in 2012, the act of food is already made. Food security, according to this act, is the condition when food is fulfilled for both the whole country and for its residents. This can be seen from the availability of food in quality and quantity, safe, diverse, healthy, equal, and affordable.

Actually, the act isn't about food security only. This act is about food enforcement as a whole. In this Act, there are food sovereignty, food resilience, and food safety too. It is included as a foundation of food enforcement along with benefit, equal access, sustainable, and fairness. 

With a lot of hunger because of lack of food, food security has become the main focus of the United Nation. This we can see in sustainable development goals point number two about zero hunger. According to Food and Agriculture Organization cited by VOA Indonesia, there are approximately 19,4 million people who still starving. This is mainly caused by poverty. 

Food in Indonesia?

Although the idea of equity is already known, in fact, food source mainly located in Java. To distribute it to another province off course it will cause the price increase. Moreover, the in island outside Java especially in the remote area the infrastructure is still low. So to distribute it equally it will be difficult. 

On the other hands, we all know that there are exploding population in Indonesia. Off course to balance the food storage with the need we need to have the proportional agricultural land. However, according to prosperous village alliance in 2015, the land conversion rate is about 100 thousand hectare per year. 

Along with the land conversion, the amount of farmer also decreased. from the same sources, farmer age in Indonesia under 34 is only 12,85 percent while the rest is above 34 years old. The average of their age is 52 years old. If we don't pay attention to this, the cases like Japan will happen in Indonesia too. 

How Can This Happen?

As we know, Jokowi regime now concentrate on building infrastructure in the remote area. This is to make the development faster than before. However, to support the food resilience one province should have their own agricultural land. The innovation and invention should be made according to the need differences. Every province has varied need of food and they should be able to provide their own food. However, this will be impossible without innovation and invention. The local government should try to pay attention for this. Especially in Jokowi era which managing the drainage is one of his focus, we can take benefit from his focus to developing the agricultural land irrigation system. 

We also should appreciate for Merauke. They can manage their land and it is one of the biggest rice sources for Indonesia. Unfortunately, because of the bad distribution system, the rice couldn't be distributed well. What I really proud about Merauke is, the city governor, Federik has made an agreement with Bandung to make an exchange. Merauke will distribute their food to Bandung while Bandung will facilitate them to use Smart City. It will be so good if his initiative needs to be followed by other city governors. 

For the land conversion, actually, there are several reasons for it. First, the conversion of land can be caused because the farmer itself sold it. Why is that? Many believe this is because of the policy that doesn't take sides with the farmer. The value exchange of farmer was be said still low. Like the rice prices, that is so low. The price of Unhauled dry rice is Rp 3750/ kg, unhauled grind rice is Rp 4600/ kg, while for rice Rp 7300/ kg. Bulog as Government agency that manages this sector already gives an idea for the central government to make the price flexible. However, the newest rule still used Inpres No 5 2015 with the price described above.

Bulog, Director of Procurement Wahyu once said that Indonesia rice is the most expensive in ASEAN Country. Although it is the most expensive the high selling price doesn't seem to give a big impact to farmer welfare. According to Wahyu, this is because of incorrect subsidy allocation. He said it is best for the government to give subsidy for after selling phases. So although farmer has failed in their harvesting, the farmer will still get income.

Another problem here is Agraria conflict. The lack of land ownership can be one of factor why the land conversion happen. The case like in Karawang can be one of the examples. We have to make a long-term planning about how we allocated the land. And Land National Agency need to support this. The allocation should be clear and firm. From what I see in Karawang there are the big amount of land conversion from paddy field to property area. In my opinion, maybe the main reason is because of the development of fast train Jakarta-Bandung.

So the Solution?

I can't say it is the solution. However, in my humble opinion, we need to study all of the policy that will be made. It is not about which policy is sexier to write in media, but it is about how to make the right policy to support the farmer. By supporting farmer welfare, I believe the food security can be made. For the example is to allocate the subsidy to after selling phase, and to fix the buying price from the government. We can do this by reactivating the village unit union. 

The innovation and invention should be made. As the land decreased we need to find the right seed that can produce more so although the land keeps decreasing food security will be still embodied. These must be followed by the farmer skill empowerment so they can use the invention or technology that has been made. 

Of course, there is much more problem to do the right food enforcement. The government policy about import also needs to be studied again. Although it is true import is to make sure the food amount is fulfilled however I think import must become short term solution while waiting for infrastructure improvement for agricultural sectors. 

And for us maybe we can try to make urban farming. It is easy anyway. It doesn't require soil, you can make it by using hydroponic technic. You can even use small spaces to do that. Let's try them!

So what will you contribute to help our country to embodied food security? Well, It depends on you.

Reclamation construction is a result of politic negotiation. At first, maybe it's true that the island was build for the sake of economy development and as a solution to solve population increase, bu the implementation somehow beyond that. A lot of regulation seem to be broken by the developer including Environmental Impact Assessment. 

Is it only Jakarta?

Reclamation has been become a solution for seeking a new land. Many countries executed this project, some of them are Hongkong, Singapore, South Korea, Japan, Uni Emirat, and Netherlands. We must admit that reclamation provides valuable land for coastal area and in Jakarta case, we now that this mega project will help the government to give more settlement for people in Jakarta. However, reclamation does have several issues. It will creates various engineering, environmental, and ecological problems (Jiao JJ et al. 2001). In this research, they studied about land reclamation in coastal. From their research they conclude that reclamation did change the ground water condition not only in the coastal side but also in the other side of the hill. They recommend to studied the response of ground water regime to a large-scale reclamation since it nay alter the coastal environment, flooding pattern, and stability of the slopes and foundations. Another research also stated that coastal area is a very sensitive area. So, to develop coastal area, the construction needs to be evaluated deeply from any possibility disturbances. 

Reclamation Island Map Plan (source: google)

What is the effect of reclamation in Jakarta's Coastal?
Well, let's take a look at the map, you can browse it in your google earth if you want. You can see the date taken below the map of your google earth.

The islands shaped like a reverse L (source: google image)

Although the construction was started in 2012, but the effect of reclamation could already be seen from the google earth. In google earth we could see a brownish colour covered the both C and D islands. The things that realy drawn public was the distance of the islands. These islands should be two islands. But as you can see in the map, they make it into one big island. Nono Sampono who is Director at PT Kapuk Niaga Indah, said that it is a construction mechanism. After the island hard enough the island will be separated. And you could also see that how near the D island to the land. And Mangrove Conservation forest is located exactly in the left of the bridge or behind the D island. 

A local NGO that is work in mangrove protection and rehabilitation said that construction of reclamation island will give significant problems in the future if they didn't plan it well. The Leader, Nurul Ikhsan once said that one of mangrove conservation forest is becoming of his concern. We all know that mangrove forest in Jakarta is near extinction. He said that the ideal condition to conserve nature is by planting mangrove in the coastal, but in the implementation it is only cover 15 percents of Jakarta's coastal. Becker (1952) in Tarsoen Waryono (2006) stated that mangrove potention in coastal Jakarta in 1939 was 1210 ha. But in 2000 (Distanhut), it fall dramatically with only 310,50 ha. One of mangrove forest was located exactly behind D Island and C Island. Both island can be seen from the edge of the forest, and from what I've already seen there are no canal who can connect the forest with the sea. Minister of Environment and Forestry Siti Nurbaya in D Island said that the island interrupted mangrove growth. Even without disturbance Tarsoen Waryono said that density of mangrove forest is far behind the ideal condition. It is only 120 tree/ ha, while the ideal condition should be 900-1400 tree/ ha. Alikodra Hadi (1996) in his journal stated that mangrove could be used as protection from sea water.

As a part of a mega project of Indonesia government (Jakarta Great Sea Wall) to prevent flood in Jakarta, there are a lot of studied about reclamation. A policy paper from Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries said that there are several thing that need to be noted. Those are the sea level could rise 7,3 mm/ year, land derivation with average 15 cm/ year, and sediment that accumulate in coastal of Jakarta 42 tons/ year. Another thing that need to be consider is the change in sea current. In this research has been said that the current will be divided into two different type. Those are outside the wall and inside the wall where the islands located. Government should take a note that the flow dynamics will be decrease. This will lead to eutofication and a massive death of fish. And of course there are several issues that caused by the change of sea current, including salinity. This research also shows that if the sand from Serang is the only sources to construct this project then there will be a defisit of sand's sources by 245.836.000 m³.

A group of small scale fisherman also make a protest for this project. They said that because of reclamation islands they lost their fishing territory. From a disertation made by Nono Sampono (PT KNI), he admit that there will be several fisherman that will be impacted by this project. If the fishing territory is classified by its tools so the coverage area that will be impacted is 1527,34 ha. In the conclusion he stated that the project can be implemented as long as the procedure is fullfiled. And he also added that environmen sustainability need to be considered. 

And there are a lot of others impact that you can see in the internet. Those are too much to be explained in this blog.

Is there any benefit from it?
As what I have stated above this project was designed to solve population problem. By making a new land, government can make a new settelement for its citizen. This new land could also lead to a new investment so that the economy can continue to grow. I am still can't decide is this project really effective to prevent flood like what it's supposed to be. But, one thing can I am sure is that this project really can help government to make a lot of houses and industry area to gain more economy profit.

However, government need to strictly observed the construction. From what I see the islands seems to take a wrong path from its initial golas. The settelement seems to be made for the rich. In one of traffic sign that was put in front of bridge to D islands it said that it is called golf island. Is it misuse or this is a real goal of the construction? Well I don't know.

What is regulation from the government to observe this project?
Because of many violation that was done by the developer, the central government ask them to stop all of the construction. To continue the development all of the developer need to fix all of the rule that was set by Ministry of Environment and Forestry (SK 354, SK 355, SK 356). In the first agreement with all the stakeholders the construction will be continued if the developer fulfill all of the condition that was asked by the ministry. This including to fix the distance of C and D islands, and also fix the distance beween D islands and the land (TWA Mangrove).

There are no updated information of how far the developer do the assignment. But in the newst news the new Minister of Marine Affairs Coordinator stated that there is nothing wrong to continue the construction. Well, who knows.

They said that environmental policy always depends on the politic situation in that country. Maybe, the same case also happened in coastal Jakarta. As we all know, our minister in marine affair coordinator was replaced in the newest reshuffle. It changed from Rizal Ramli to Luhut Binsar Panjaitan (before was the minister of justice and human rights). Under the hands of Luhut reclamation of coastal Jakarta will be started again.

NCICD Jakarta Great Sea Wall (source: google image)

What is Reclamation in Coastal Jakarta?

This project was first introduced in Soeharto's era who was the second president of Indonesia. The first regulation called Kepres no. 52/ 1995 about reclamation was signed by the president, Soeharto at that time. This project started when Jakarta was given permission by the central government to develop northern coastal Jakarta. So, this is where all of this fuss started. 

This project aims to give solution for Jakarta government for its need for land (Mitchell, Bruce et al. 2010). The rise of the population made the city government come up with reclamation as its scapegoat. In addition, government at that time hoped that it could help Jakarta from abrasion issues and prevent mangrove ecosystem pollution. As the city which has the land under the sea height, of course, the government tried as hard as possible to prevent Jakarta from sinking. At first, this project was planned in 3 sectors, Pluit, Kapuk Muara, and Marunda with coastal area of 2700 ha, and 32 km in distance. 

However, since his fall out this project never be continued by the next government (Sarifah 1997). Later, in 2003, Ministry of Environment sued this mega project. They wanted this project to be stopped. The developer then prosecutes the institution back. In 2011, attorney general granted developer indictment. In 2012 this project began to walk through again. Even in 2014-2015, City Governor, Basuki Tjahja Purnama was giving permission for 4 developers to start their construction. Those were F island (PT Jakarta Propertindo with SK Gubernur Nomor 2268/ 2015), I island (PT Jaladri Pakci with SK Gubernur Nomor 2269/ 2015), K island (PT Pembangunan Jaya Ancol with SK Gubernur Nomor 2485/ 2015), and G island (PT Muara Wisesa Samudra with SK Gubernur Nomor 2238/ 2014).

There are several developer who join this project like PT Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Marunda, PT Pelindo II, PT Manggala Krida Yudha, PT Pembangunan Jaya Ancol, PT Kapuk Naga Indah (anak perusahaan Agung Sedayu), PT Jaladri Eka Pakci, PT Taman Harapan Indah, PT Muara Wisesa Samudera (anak perusahaan Agung Podomoro), and PT Jakarta Propertindo. The island consist of A until Q islands. But only some company that already begin their construction. Some of them are PT Kapuk Naga Indah (C and D islands), and PT Muara Wisesa Samudra (G islands).

This project was also known as a part of Jakarta Great Sea Wall project.

A island until Q (Source: google image)

Why people make a fuss about that?

Well, there are a lot of reason for this. But, I think what really makes people pay attention to this mega project is because of the corruption between government and the companies.

Earlier this year, coastal Jakarta reclamation started to interest many stakeholders. The reason was because the corruption cases that involved Leader of D commission in Jakarta Legislative Council and some company that was given authority to develop the reclamation island. After that, every single mass media write about this. Many scientists were being asked to explain the impact of this project. After a lot of arguments, finally, the government decided to pending the project while waiting for all the impact assessment finished by the developer. 

Off course, assessments need to be made before the project start, but it seems many violations of the rule that were made by the developer. They didn't really count for sediment load because of the construction. There are some of the projects construction that didn't meet the requirement that had been given in the assessment. And what really concern many people are the sustainability of mangrove ecosystem behind that project, especially behind C and D islands. 

With all of this judgment, Rizal Ramli (Marine Affairs coordinator minister) asked to pending all of the construction. He asked other ministers below his authorization --Ministry of environment and forestry, and Ministry of marine affairs and fisheries-- to take control, to observed the developer so that they can meet the environment eligibility. The developer (C, D, and G Islands) should carry out all of the deadlines that were given by MoEF to improve project execution. 

To be honest, some of local NGO, that named their movement as "Koalisi Selamatkan Teluk Jakarta" (coalition to save Jakarta's Coastal), already sued Jakarta government for this case. They already sued for 4 islands, those are F, I, K, and G Islands. The judgment for G Island was already made by the government administrator court. The result said G island can't be constructed. But, developer appealed to the judge. Because of this, the judge decided that G island couldn't be constructed until the case meets the final decision.

What about now?

Like what I said before, after the reshuffle, Rizal Ramli was swapped with Luhut Binsar Panjaitan whom before was the minister of justice and human rights. Luhut is a politician and also a businessman. Of course, like other politicians, there are several issues around him, but we will talk about it later. 

This Thursday, netizen was being surprised by Luhut announcement that he will give permission for G island to continue. He said that there were nothing wrong with the project. Several modifications can be made to overcome the underground electricity problems. 

This comment annoyed many people, especially environment activist and justice collaborator organization. Tigor Hutapea as an attorney of fisherman in G Island cases express his disappointed feeling towards Luhut. He said that what Luhut did, showed people that he is in developer side. Until G island completed all of the assessment that was asked by MoEF, G Island construction can't be held. In court, G island 'legality' status also was being processed as long as the final decision hasn't been made, all of the stakeholders that participate in G island development should stop their construction.

Politics, Research, Law, and Decision

We couldn't agree more that politics is one aspect that really influence environment policy regulation. City Governor of Bogor once said that in development countries, sustainable nature resources management still economic oriented. As long as it doesn't produce profit then the regulator will think twice to execute it. 

I can't say, what is the main goal of Luhut decision. After all, he once a justice and human rights minister, of course, he will know that when a decision still not inckrhat then we can't continue the project. But, we must know that every decision that has been made wasn't developed from an empty condition. There will be a lot of discussions, negotiations, and bargains to make the policy about nature resources (Bryant 1992). 

Even with all of the research that has been provided by all of the researchers about this project, the central government still tenacious about this mega project. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries once has given the results of their research about impact assessment about this project in the policy paper. This paper predicts that this project will change the current circulation and water circulation this will lead to sediments load and water pollution. For all of the assessment will be written in the next post. 

Although, research was held, and the results of reclamation were negative there are no guarantee that this project will be terminated. This shows that environment policy is really complex. The decision can't be made just based on scientific matters only. A lot of things that interact in making the final decision. And this decision will lead to another environment issue in the future. Environment management always full of uncertainty. Not only in the decision-making level but also in results after the policy is being regulated. In Jakarta's coastal case, government, especially related minister should consider reviewing this project through fully before comes to a decision. I can't say we can terminate this project yet because of the investment, but I can't agree with the continuation of this project either. 

Well, first let's wait until all of the assessment that has been asked by MoEF made by them and waits until final court decision. 

After a news about the increasing of cigarette's price spread, many pros, and contrast opinion responds to this news.  People said it is important to rise cigarettes price because it will prevent children under the age to smoke. Some others against it by using tobacco farmers and the cigarettes worker as their own shield. So how far I agree with this idea?

Actually, if you search for the news closely Indonesia Cigarettes Factory Association (GAPPRI) said that this news is just a hoax. The leader said there are some steps that should be taken if the government want to increase the price. Tobacco Comunity Movement also said by increasing the price, the farmer's life will be more devastated. Even, Ministre of Finance Sri Mulyani Indarwati said that she hasn't decided to increase the price for cigarette taxes and retail prices. She also said although she knows about the research but she said the price will be based on Revised State Budget 2017 (RAPBN 2017).

This news starts when a research from Hasbullah, a lecture from Universty of Indonesia, was released. In this research, he concludes to avoid children and poor people from using cigarettes the price should be increased to Rp 50 thousands. It means the price climb twice through third times higher than current average prices. This research was held in December 2015 - January 2016 with approximately 1000 respondents. 82 percents said they agree with the price and the rest disagree. 

Increasing cigarettes prices to live healthier is not a new option in around the world. In 2014, South Korea also do the same in order to reduce smokers in its country. South Korea Government was planning to increase the price to 4500 won ( Rp 47 thousands) from 2500 won. There is also much information fromI http://cigarettesprices.strikingly.com/ website about cigarettes prices. It said that since 1965 cigarettes price has been increasing continuously. In the UK, for example, the cost of cigarettes was 8,1 euro (Rp 120 thousands), and it was 9.7 dollars (Rp 128 thousand) in Singapore. And it made Singapura as the highest among all of Asian Countries. On the same website as above, it said that cigarettes consumption per capita in Indonesia was 1085, and Indonesia was placed in the 43rd place of 185 countries. 

We should consider increasing the price of cigarettes in order to reduce consumption of cigarettes in Indonesia. First, I need to assert that I don't think people will stop smoking just because the price has gone higher, but at least we can prevent the cigarettes from misuse. From the graph that was published by Tempo, we could see many data related to smoking habits. It said that smokers from 16-19 years old continue to grow, it was only 7.1 percent in 1995 but it increases third times higher, about 20.5 percent in 2013. Why increasing the price is so much important, it is because beginner smokers number (age 10-14 years old) was continued to grow twice higher in 2013 (18 percent) from 1995 (8.9 percent). And also, we could also see in 2011 that many poor people preferred to choose smoke (19.66 percent) rather than paying for their house accommodation (18.12 percent), gasses and electricity (18.46 percent).  Data from WHO in 2013 also said that for about 500 thousands people died every day because of smoke. 

But, I totally agree that increasing price of cigarettes still need more study, because there are a lot of farmers out there that will be much more devastated if the policy is applied. Not only that, some cities, like Kediri also depending on cigarettes factory taxes as their income. However, rather than stick out with current prices, the government should think seriously how to solve this problem. I don't think it is wise enough increasing the price while buying price in farmer level still low. By establishing the lower price of tobacco, the government could maintain farmer's welfare. And for cities that still depending on cigarettes factory sponsorship, they should find another option source of sponsorship like Jakarta did. After all, if the government increase the taxes approximately there will be another Rp 378.75 billions that will be added to the government budget. The government can use this money for other uses, like subsidies to farmers, food quality improvement, and also for health improvement. And we can ensure that tobacco farmers and workers life could be better.

In conclusion, I do agree about increasing the price of cigarettes in order to improve younger generation health. However, before we do that, the government should take some action and regulation to make sure that farmers and tobacco's factories worker won't be encountered another hardship. And also, The government also should coordinate with cities who still depend on tobacco factories sponsorship to find another income resources.

Jakarta - Sore itu, suasana begitu sendu, senandung lagu yang berjudul Salah Mongso dan Segoro Hilang Manise bergaung di Jalan Merdeka Utara. Lagu berbahasa Jawa itu tampak begitu menyayat hati, seolah-olah suara itu adalah jeritan hati para wanita yang bersiap menyemen kakinya ini. 

Lagu ini bercerita apabila pegununang Kendeng rusak. Sebuah lagu turun temurun yang ada di daerah tersebut. Lagu yang mengajarkan pentingnya menjaga linkungan. Lagu Salah Mongso, misalnya, mengajarkan agar gunung tidak dirusak dan pentingnya menjaga pepohonan. Tujuannya, untuk mencegah agar banjir bandang tidak terjadi.

Sesosok wanita, Deni (28), sehari-harinya berprofesi sebagai petani di Grobogan. Raut wajahnya tak gentar saat ditanya kesiapannya mengecor kakinya. Dengan tegas ia mengatakan akan melakukan hal ini jika dapat membuat pimpinan negara melirik perjuangan masyarakat pegunungan Kendeng. Sembari tersenyum ia mengaku tak takut. "Tidak, saya tidak takut," kata Deni di depan Istana Merdeka, Jakarta, Selasa, 12 April 2016.

Namun, matanya tampak berkaca-kaca ketika berbicara mengenai kondisi lingkungan di kampung halamannya. Berkali-kali ia menyapukan selendang untuk mengusap air mata yang membanjiri pipinya. Keberaniannya berganti kesedihan saat bercerita mengenai kerusakan lingkungan yang mungkin terjadi akibat pabrik semen. 

Deni mengakui, dampak pabrik semen belum terlalu terasa saat ini. Namun, ia tak kuasa menahan tangis saat membayangkan apa yang mungkin menimpa anak cucunya jika pabrik semen ini terus berproduksi. "Yang saya takutkan kalau pabrik semen ini merusak pegunungan Kendeng, dampaknya nanti bisa sampai ke anak cucuk saya," ujar Deni sembari menyeka air matanya.

Bersama Deni, masih ada sembilan srikandi pegunungan Kendeng lainnya yang merelakan kakinya disemen. Sembilan wanita yang berasal dari kawasan pegunungan Kendeng ini tersebar dari Grobogan, Pati, dan Rembang. 

Dengan menggunakan kebaya, selendang, dan caping sembilan wanita ini dengan berani berdiri di depan kotak berukuran 100 x 40 cm. Nantinya mereka akan mengecor kakinya. Kesembilan wanita pemberani ini berasal dari wilayah yang berada di sekitar kawasan pegunungan kendeng, diantaranya adalah Pati, Grobogan, dan Rembang. Mereka adalah Sukinah, Supini, Murtini, Surani, Kiyem, Ngadinah, Karsupi, Deni, dan Rimabarwati.

Pegunungan Kendeng meliputi sejumlah daerah di Jawa Tengah, seperti Rembang, Pati, Blora, dan Grobogan. Terdapat beberapa pabrik semen di daerah ini. Diantaranya adalah PT Semen Indonesia yang berada di Rembang. Pabrik semen ini berdasarkan investigasi Tempo, memiliki dokumen Amdal yang ganjil. Misalnya dari segi proses yang dinilai tidak memperhatikan sejumlah poin. 

Menurut dokumen Amdal, mata air tidak ditemukan di sana. Padahal, menurut hasil investigasi Tempo, mata air jelas ada di daerah tersebut. Dan, berdasarkan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 26 Tahun 2011, Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono menetapkan kawasan tersebut, yakni Watuputih sebagai kawasan CAT (Cadangan Air Tanah).

Meski sudah diprotes, toh, penambangan ini masih berlanjut. Sementara pabrik semen di Pati masih dalam proses persidangan di PTUN. Aksi ini juga pernah digelar tahun lalu namun tak digubris pemerintah. Karena itu, masyarakat pegunungan kendeng kembali menggelar aksinya. Menurut para pendemo aksi ini akan digelar hingga Presiden Joko Widodo menemui mereka.

Salah seorang petani yang turut menemani, Ngatemi (42) mengatakan, meski di daerahnya pabrik belum dibangun lantaran masih menjalani proses di pengadilan. Namun, ia tidak rela kampung halamannya dibangun pabrik, apaalgi lokasi rumah Ngatemi dari tambang kurang dari setengah Km. "Kita enggak apa-apa gak ada tambang, wong kita makannya nasi kok, bukan semen," kata Ngatemi.

Kemarin saya sempat berbincang dengan seorang pengamat ekonomi pertanian. Ya ilmu, saya ini memang masih dangkal, untungnya beliau sabar menerangkan. Ada peristiwa menarik yang terjadi di sektor pertanian dan kehutanan kita. Ini bukan masalah baru juga sih. Tapi rasanya selalu dianggap nomor antrian terbelakang rasanya.

Kebanyakan petani yang baik yg bergerak di pangan, hortikultura, ataupun pangan merupakan generasi tua. Mungkin masuk ke generasi baby bloomer atau generasi X. Sementara untuk genersi y, rasanya sudah tidak banyak. Berdasarkan data yang dikeluarkan oleh Aliansi Desa Sejahtera jumlah rumah tangga petani pada zaman SBY adalah sebanyak 25,76 juta, sementara untuk rumah tangga petani gurem 14,23 juta. Dari jumlah ini mayoritas usia petani ada dia atas 34 tahun dengan persentasi 87,15 persen, sisanya baru di bawah 34 tahun. Rata rata umur petani yang ada adalah umur 52 tahun.

Generasi muda, atau generasi y. Kelihatannya banyak yang tidak tertarik kembali ke ladang nya. Sarjana pertanian juga mengkonversikan pekerjaan mereka ke kota kota besar. Kalau dipikir dengan majunya teknologi saat ini mampukah petani kita bertahan di tengah gerusan industri pertanian, atau yah food estate negara maju?

Di Jepang misalnya, tak seperti Indonesia, lahan di Jepang sangat terbatas. Generasi tua pun lebih banyak daripada generasi mudanya. Lahan pertanian di negara ini dikabarkan 13 persen dari luas areal Jepang.  Lahan lahan pertanian berada kebanyakan di kaki gunung dengan kemiringan sekitar 20 derajat. Dengan luasan minimal pertanian sekitar 1,2 ha Jepang mampu mengintesifkan lahan pertaniannya. Bahkan pada 1998 tercatat jepang memiliki 2,2 juta traktor. (national encyclopedia)

Kalau dipikir, jelas dari sumberdaya kita menang. Dengan luasan negara kita yang berkali kali lipat ditambah dengan tanahnya yang subur. Namun, apa yang menyebabkan pertanian kita terhambat. Bahkan pada zaman SBY impor pangan mencapai 34,6 persen.

Ada banyak faktor tentunya. Salah satunya adalah tidak adanya penyuluh pertanian. Ini bukan penyuluh biasa yang direkrut musiman, melainkan penyuluh yang ilmunya benar benar mumpuni.

Sekali waktu saya pernah berbincang dengan seorang teman yang pernah menjadi penyuluh 'dadakan'. Dia bilang bahwa petani lebih banyak tau darinya, dan ia kesulitan menjawab. Program di kampus soal penyuluhan memang sering diadakan. Tapi kadang acara semacam ini kerap kali tidak direncanakan secara matang. Maksud saya hanya untuk mengejar target pelaksanaan acara.

Kenapa tenaga penyuluh ini jadi penting? 

Kembali lagi ke generasi, kebanyakan generasi y dan baby bloomer adalah orang yang lahir ketika teknologi baru diciptakan. Di Indonesia juga sangat jarang dari para petani yang mengenyam pendidikan di perguruan tinggi atau mengenyam pendidikan teknologi pertanian. Yah walaupun bukannya ga ada, saya pernah liat ada sosok sarjana yang bekerja di ladang di nusa tenggara sana.

Kemajuan teknologi tentunya mutlak dalam meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian. Selain itu, kemampuan berekonomi pemahaman soal pasar, regulasi juga merupakan hal yang harus dipahami. Tentunya ini agar mereka tidak dipermainkan oleh mereka kalangan elit.

Penyuluh berperan penting dalam mensosialisasikan teknologi dan ilmu yang mereka punya. Tentunya ini bukan hal yang mudah. Karena segala hal yg berkaitan dengan alam tak pernah sesederhana itu. Soal tanah, iklim, varietas, pemupukan, ekonomi harus lah dikuasai para penyuluh.

Kementerian Pertanian tahun ini kembali menyalurkan bantuan alat mesin pertanian. Namun, ini tentunya tidak akan efektif tanpa pendampingan cara penggunaannya. Belum lagi untuk perawatan mesin, sumber bahan bakar. tentunya Ini harus jelas. Pemerintah tidak bisa serta merta memberikannya pada kelompok tani tanpa pendampingan.

Apalagi saat ini koperasi pertanian juga banyak yg belum berjalan dengan baik. Masalah lama adalah petani sering menjual kepada tengkulak. Kadang jual beli menjadi tidak adil dalam hal harga. Mereka tahu tapi tak punya pilihan lain. Dan lagi lagi nilai tukar petani semakin berkurang.

Saat berbincang dengan seorang pengamat, ia mengatakan belum ada penyuluh yang benar benar paham di lapangan. Integrasi dengan perguruan tinggi juga kurang. Tapi anehnya pemerintah melupakan ini dan langsung melangkah jauh ke kedaulatan pangan sebagai tujuan.

Tak ada yang salah dalam menetapkan kedaulatan pangan sebagai tujuan. Namun kedaulatan pangan itu berbeda dengan swasembada. Swasembada hanya masalah produksi bukan kesejahteraan. Untuk swasembada pun petani di lapang butuh pengetahuan soal teknologi dan ilmu lain yg menunjang pengembangan sektor pertanian.

Jadi kapan petani mendapatkan hak pendampingan yang layak? Apa sampai sektor pertanian mati total?

Entah.

*) self reflecting, saya pertanian oke kehutanan yang melenceng ke jurnalistik hahaha. mungkin saatnya kembali? hahahaha. entah

Hydrology  is one of the most important ecosystem to support humans life. Basically hydrology is a science that learned about all the water in the world. For forest management major we specialized to studied about how forest could influenced the basin. Basin is an ecosystem that was delineated by the topography. It has a function to catch, to flow, and to infiltrate the water from a upstream to an outlet. Nowdays many issues about global warming and climate change were talking about how forest land use could influenced the basin. It said that many catastrophe such as flood was caused by the land use change. And in other case a clean water scarcity becoming an important issues. Urban continuously growing and donate waste to the water channel, decreasing the quality of water. In the other hands the settlement continue to develop without concerning about to infiltrate water to the ground. This causing the drought in dry season and flood in wet season. So the question is how to developed a sustainable watershed management?

It's generally spoken that forest is important to maintain the sustainability of the environment. These becoming an important issues since human life depends on environment resources. Unfortunately, the world development sometimes doesn't consider about the true nature of the environment it self. Hydrology or basin is an environment that interact with the living creature. This what we called an  ecosystem. As a system, basin will react to the input that happened in it and will give the output based on the input that they given. A natural system will give the balance respond within the input and output, but without considering it humans have been changing the input of the system. They exploit the nature resources on watershed (like land use changing from forest to mine) without paying attention with the nature balance.

As we spoken before basin has some different respond depends on its input. In this part we will talked about the land use change impact to the basin. Input of basin (land use) could be explained by knowing the component of water balanced. As we know, rainfall is different in each places it depends on sun position to the places. Rainfall or climate factors is a factor that hard to be changed and needs a long term condition to change. A rainfall quantity could influenced how the basin works. Another input that could influenced the basin system is soil. Soil have many different characteristic in response to infiltrate the water. In soil we know about permanent wilting point. Permanent wilting point is a capacity of water to infiltrate the water. If the rainfall quantity is exceed the permanent wilting point water will becoming a surface run-off. A big quantity of run off will eroding the top soil this will caused a soil quality damage. Beside that the run off that bring the soil will enter the nearest water channel and will caused the sediment quantity increasing. Of course the sediment will lead to water channel changing and beside that in the maximum rainfall intensity it will caused flood. Sediment was actually a nature phenomenon but because of the extreme changing on the basin and the basin can't handle it so the decreasing sediment will make catastrophe to the basin it self. This is one of the basin response to the land use change.

Other thing that caused a hydrological respond to the basin is slope. In Indonesia the upstream usually becoming a national park and the existence of the national park becoming so important to maintain the availability of clean water. National park usually has a dense contour it means that the area is having a steep slope. Beside that national park that locate in the mountain is having an old soil. The dense contour and the old soil making the area easily to  be eroded. In this area that haven't any vegetation cover will lead to the slide. In some cases the slide will closed the water channel and will dam up the water. This dam up won't hold longer and it will caused flash flood. From this explanation we know that slope, land use, and soil are the main factor to analysis the basin, beside the weather. An overlay of them is what we called HRU or Hydrological Response Unit.

To developed a well watershed management we should concern about HRU. HRU is an unique respond of hydrology based on its land use, soil, and slope. The overlay of this tree becoming so important to be considered of. This because every basin has a different HRU. And land use, soil, and slope will make a lot of combination that will categorized in different HRU. Using HRU as a standard for watershed management or to set the protected forest is better than using a scoring. Because by using HRU means we consider about the variant of the soil, slope, and land use combination. This becoming so important to maintain the natural balanced. Indonesia set the protected forest just by looking the score that we don't know where the score standard come from. This won't be effective because Indonesia as a tropical country has a many diversity of its own nature. This should be considered to developed a well watershed management.

So in the end, the thing that should be considered .to developed a well watershed management  is to know what is the main factor to analyzed the basin, such as soil, land use, and slope. It's because every different combination of them will lead to a different hydrological response. This respond will react to the basin itself. So it's important to us to knowing better about each HRU of the watershed so that we can set up the best management that should be chosen to managing the watershed.

Sejak awal masuk kampus hal yang selalu gw denger adalah perbedaan antara pengetahuan dan ilmu pengetahuan. Sampai akhirnya gw inget kalau keduanya adalah dua hal yang berbeda, dimana ilmu pengetahuan adalah sebuah sistem terstruktur dari pengetahuan dan biasanya bersifat menyeluruh. Sementara pengetahuan adalah hasil dari kebudayaan dan pengalaman. Jadi apakah budaya ini sendiri? Budaya adalah hasil dari interaksi masyarakat baik dengan masyarakat itu sendiri maupun dengan alam. Lalu kemudian muncul pertanyaan lagi dari gw. Kalau budaya merupakan hasil interaksi tentunya akan ada perbedaan antara budaya yang satu dan yang lainnya. Apalagi seperti yang kita tahu geografis atau keadaan alam suatu wilayah tentunya berbeda. Indonesia sebagai negara tropis memiliki bentang alam yang unik satu sama lainnya, dikelilingi hutan tanpa hp dan sinyal seperti saat ini tentunya membuat suatu kebudayaan menjadi berbeda dan eksklusif. Bahkan kondisi bentang alam menjadikan terjadi nya iklim lokal yang berbeda - beda. Ambil contoh di sulawesi selatan, pegunungan di sana memisahkan sulawesi selatan bagian barat dan timur memiliki cuaca dan bahkan vegetasi dan fauna yang berbeda. Dan tentunya masyarakat lokal saat itu memiliki respon yang berbeda terhadap lingkungannya. Kalau kebudayaannya berbeda bukankah pengetahuan juga akan turut berbeda? Dan pengetahuan yang berbeda akan menghasilkan ilmu pengetahuan yang berbeda? Atau ada yang salah dengan cara pemikiran gw? Entah.

Pengelolaan sumberdaya alam tentunya bukan hal yang mudah. Bukannya pesimis, tapi pengelolaan yang salah akan memberikan dapak yang nyata terhadap daya dukung lingkungan itu sendiri dan manusia sebagai subjek dari pengelolaan sumberdaya alam akan terkena imbasnya. Imbas ini bukan hanya bertahan di satu generasi saja, dampak ini bisa bertahan hingga jauh ke depan dan terasa ke anak cucu kita. Selanjutnya yang menimbulkan pertanyaan dalam benak gua apakah pengusahaan sumberdaya alam juga turut mendorong rusaknya alam kita ini. Gw jadi inget kata - kata dari salah seorang karakter di buku yang pernah gw baca, "Man is the only animal that can destroy the world. Beasts live only in the present, but humans have the capacity to live for future, to lay down plans for their children and grand children, plans that can take years, decades, even centuries to mature."

Padahal sumberdaya alam diciptakan untuk menyokong hidup manusia kan? Tapi pengusahaannya justru menyebabkan kerusakan terhadap SDA tersebut. Adakah yang salah sebenarnya dari pengelolaan yang kita lakukan selama ini? ada satu buku karangan dosen gw yang menarik perhatian gw. Tentang sebuah pengetahuan yang berasal dari suatu kebudayaan. Dari buku itu gw jadi berpikir untuk mengatasi krisis sumberdaya alam yang banyak diributkan orang - orang saat ini adalah dengan menyusun suatu ilmu pengetahuan yang berakar dari kebudayaan lokal. Dan tentunya agar suatu pengetahuan yang bersumber dari budaya dapat menajdi ilmu pengetahuan perlu diadakan suatu penelitian dan telaah ilmiah agar pengetahuan tersebut menjadi sistematis. 

Anehnya, banyaknya lulusan saat ini cendrung bekerja pada perusahaan - perusahaan singkat kata kita cendrung bergerak dengan orientasi ekonomi. Pernah gak kalian denger ada orang yang lulus pengen jadi peneliti? Jarang kan? Walaupun memang ada juga sih. Kenapa ya? Apa fakta bahwa peneliti tidak terfasiltasi baik dari segi pendanaan dan juga fasilitas. Atau bahkan mungkin tidak terjaminnya hak intelektual di sini. Atau bahkan adanya campur tangan politik yang menyetir peneliti itu sendiri makanya peneliti merasa tidak betah dan nyaman? Entah, gw juga gak tau. Hanya saja semua aspek dan bidang di negara ini terlihat berjalan sendiri - sendiri semaunya aja. Semuanya terlihat tengah berada di arena balapan. Saling memacu mobilnya untuk saling mendahului.

Sebuah penelitian dilakukan untuk kemudian diimplementasi kan bukan? Tapi yang unik di negara kita sebuah penelitian dilakukan untuk mendukung menjatuhkan sebuah kebijakan yang telah diterapkan. Apa ya yang gak bener, apa yang salah. Sebenernya itu selalu jadi pikiran gw. Mungkin udah saatnya kita mulai mengkaji ulang semua pengetahuan lokal yang kita punya. Pengetahuan yang kita miliki yang diwariskan nenek moyang kita ke suku - suku pedalaman di sana. Mereka yang kita anggap kuno dan menghambat pembangunan. Apa sih pembangunan itu? Sebegitu pentingnya kah label pembangunan kalau toh itu berarti membunuh identitas bangsa kita sendiri dan menjajah kita atas negara kita. Anak muda mana yang sekarang punya rasa memiliki sama negara ini coba. Gw gak berpikiran kita harus hidup kaya suku adat seperti itu. Bukan itu maksud gw. Gw sendiri harus hidup seperti itu juga gak mau. Yang gw maksudkan di sini itu pengetahuan lokal yang sebaiknya kita pelajari dan pahami.

Pengetahuan lokal semacam itu mungkin seharusnya kita angkat dan kita kaji lagi. Kalau perlu kita telaah secara ilmiah untuk mengatasi pengelolaan sumberdaya alam kita. Walaupun bukan solusi nyata dan hanya kata - kata di sini, tapi gw beranggapan pengetahuan lokal bisa dijadikan solusi terhadap pembaharuan ilmu pengetahuan guna mengatasi kelangkaan sumberdaya alam. Toh pengetahuan barat yang kita terapkan untuk mengelola sumberdaya alam hingga saat ini gak semuanya mampu memberikan hasil yang diharapkan. Bahkan beberapa teknik pengelolaan justru terbukti gagal dan menyebabkan biaya yang besar untuk mengembalikan sistem tersebut kembali seperti semula. Jadi apa salahnya dicoba menkaji ilmu lokal kita menjadi sebuah ilmu pengetahuan. Walaupun yah tentunya ini bukan satu - satunya faktor penting dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam, subjeknya alias kita manusia juga harus diperbaiki.  Sikap super cuek juga harus dibenahi juga tentunya. Korupsi, buang sampah sembarangan, pengolahan limbah asal - asalan, konsumtif, dsb nya. Yah gw percaya kok itu bukan jati diri Indonesia, buktiin lah itu bukan kita. Mau sampai kapan kita ngebuang jati diri kita sendiri? Gaul boleh, modernisasi boleh, gak ada yang salah dengan pertukaran kebudayaan dan ilmu pengetahuan, tapi kita gak boleh lupa lah sama yang kita punya.

Waw sudah lama gak ngentry post. Kangennnn~ #pelukblogger. Hahaha. Jadi sekarang kan erath day. Berhubung sekarang gw udah jadi mahasiswa (kehutanan pula) kayaknya gak oke aja kalau gak bikin postingan dalam rangka memperingati earth day. Tadi pagi gw bangun dan inget sekarang kan earth day. Terus gw bingung mau ngapain. Mau bikin yang berguna buat makluk hidup lain, tapi gak ada ide. Akhirnya cuma nulis entry post aja yang kepikiran. Hahaha. Pagi - pagi masih aja saya ngegaje maaf ya. Kebiasaan dari lahir kayaknya. Kita bakal ngomongin karbon lagi. Dan kali ini gw bakal ngebahas ditinjau dari sudut salah satu bagian elemental.

Dan taukah kalian bahwa Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara pemasok karbon terbesar? 

Yup, Indonesia yang merupakan jantung dunia karena hutan hujan tropisnya adalah pemasok karbon terbesar. Jadi bukan hanya Amerika dan negara maju aja yang dituntut untuk menurunkan emisi karbon. Kita Indonesia juga punya andil dalam hal ini. Padahal kita kan punya berhektar - hektar lahan hutan, kok bisa ya kita jadi peghasil karbon bukannya penyerap karbon? 

Indonesia memang tidak banyak menyumbangkan karbon dari hasil industri, bila dibandingkan dengan negara - negara maju itu tentunya. Hasil karbon kita rata - rata disebabkan karena adanya kebakaran hutan. Iya kebakaran hutan. Mungkin sebagian dari kalian yang seumuran saya masih ada yang inget peristiwa kebakaran hutan sekitar tahun 97-an. Saya masih inget. Dulu di televisi gak berhenti nyiarin berita soal kabut asap di Palangkaraya. Saya inget ada asap putih kayak kabut yang menyelimuti kota tersebut. Dulu saya sih cuma berpikir "ooh", tanpa rasa tertarik sedikitpun. Lagipula saya gak ngerti konsep karbon lagian.

Peristiwa kebakaran hutan yang sebagian besar terjadi di lahan gambut Kalimantan ini, seringkali menyebabkan suatu peristiwa yang kita sebut transboundary pollution. Keren ya namanya? Gw juga gak ngarti itu apaan maksudnya. Yang jelas transboundary apalah itu adalah polusi lintas batas yang biasanya terjadi karena keadaan atmosfer yang stabil. Kondisi atmosfer yang stabil adalah kondisi atmosfer dimana gas maupun udara dipaksa naik ke atas. Akan tetapi gas ini kemudian akan turun dengan sendirinya. Dan udah pasti yang sering kena imbasnya adalah negara tetangga kayak Malaysia ataupun Singapura. Dan akibat asap yang ditimbulkan kita harus bayar cost nya kalau gak salah.

Nah asap dari kebakaran ini tentunya ngebawa gas - gas karbon. Dan inilah mengapa Indonesia masuk ke dalam negara penghasil karbon. Sejarah awal terjadinya kebakaran hutan di Indonesia memang masih gak jelas. Dari sebuah pustaka yang saya baca (dan saya lupa judulnya) disebutkan bahwa ada salah satu pengelana pada abad ke 19 kalau gak salah, yang akhirnya menemukan wilayah Kalimantan akibat mencium bau asap kebakaran.

Kebakaran hutan di Indonesia memang sering terjadi di wilayah Kalimantan. Pelacakan kebakaran di kalimantan memang tidak mudah. Hal ini dikarenakan lahan di Kalimantan merupakan lahan gambut. Lahan gambut memungkinkan terjadinya ground fire, atau kebakaran yang terjadi di bawah permukaan tanah. Hal ini mebuat kebakaran sulit terlacak karena tidak terlihat. Kalaupun terlihat paling - paling cuma asapnya doang. Pemadaman juga jadi sulit.

Pertanyaanya adalah kenapa bisa terjadi kebakaran kayak gini?

Ada banyak faktor sebenarnya, tapi saya gak pernah juga si ke kalimantan jadi gak bisa survei langsung. Dari pustaka yang saya baca ada salah satu faktor yang menarik, yaitu kanal. Yup, pada lahan gambut di kalimantan sana dibangun kanal. Alasannya adalah untuk mencegah banjir. Lahan gambut itu kan kayak sponge, jadi kalau pas musim hujan lahan gambut bakalan tergenang air, alias banjir. Untuk itu pemerintah berinisiatif membangun kanal untuk mencegah hal ini. Akan tetapi, hal ini justru membuat lahan gambut kering saat musim kemarau. Sehingga lebih rentan terjadi kebakaran hutan. Aneh aja. Ironis. Kanal yang dibangun dengan tujuan mencegah banjir justru mengundang kebakaran. Mungkin bener kata orang tua gagal merencanakan sama dengan merencanakan kegagalan.

Salah satu faktor hot issue lainnya itu adalah keberadaan ladang berpindah. Sebenernya gak ada yang salah juga dengan perladangan berpindah. Toh leluhur kita baik -baik aja kok di masa lampau menerapkan sistem ini. Cuma yah dengan seiring banyaknya manusia di muka bumi memang udah gak bisa aja menerapkan sistem ini lagi. Dan faktor yang selalu menajdi perkara ketrpurukan bangsa kita adalah enggannya kita menilik sejarah. Menilik kearifan lokal leluhur kita. Haha. Sayang aja para pendatang baru, bangsa sekarang kalau mau buka lahan ya bakar aja. Gak pake cara tertentu dari leluhur kita. Sompral gitu istilahnya. Kemajuan zaman, kemajuan ilmu, kemajuan teknologi gak berarti selalu berarti yang lebih baik dibandingkan kearidan lokal. 

Tau gak? Kalau tanah itu bakal rusak kalau dibakar. Yang bisa menyuburkan tanah itu bukan pembakaran tapi abunya. Kalau di bakar sih tanah malah rusak. Soalnya mikroorganisme itu gak resisten resisten amat sama yang namanya kebakaran. Makanya kalau mau nyuburin tanah sebar abu bukan langsung dibakar.

Hutan kita udah di ulak - alik sedemikian rupa. Jadi ya nyari hutan yang ,masih real virgin di Indonesia gw gak tau dimana. Mungkin ada, tapi gw gak tau dimana. Ilmu gw masih terbatas. Daur hidup alami yang diciptakan oleh alam kita putus demi kepentingan kita. Kebakaran hutan itu terjadi atas adanya bahan bakar, panas, dan udara. Bahan bakar yang dimaksudkan di sini salah satunya serasah. Padahal serasah juga merupakan salah satu komponen penyubur tanah. Ha ini dikarenakan pengobar - abrikan hutan menyebabkan dekomposer kita  berkurang. Sehingga serasaha tidak terdekomposisi sebagaimana mestinya dan akhirnay menumpuk berlebihan di permukaan. Penumpukan berlebihan ini juga merupakan salah satu faktor kebakaran, yaitu bahan bakar.

Manusia itu cendrung menghilangkan apa - apa yang tidak menguntungkan mereka dengan cepat.

Kita ngutak - atik alam gak sebagaimana mestinya. Kita buat hutan homogen dengan pohon yang hanya menguntungkan kita. Nyatanya hasil hingga sekarang hutan homogen itu rentan terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit bukan?

Alam itu udah tercipta dengan kalkulasi yang sebgitu rumitnya. Bahakan lebih sulit dari kalkulus sekalipun. Dia lah yang menciptakan bumi dan seisinya. Dan sebagai khalifah kita juga lah yang patut menjaga seiring dengan memanfaatkannya. Segala sesuatu yang berlebihan itu tidak baik. Makanya manfaatkanlah, tapi jagalah juga. Karena kalau sudah hilang kita jugalah yang nanti terkena imbasnya. Negara modern boleh menjadi orientasi dalam hal ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, tapi jangan lupa ada alam dan kearifan lokal yang tetap harus dijaga. Dan buat para pemangku kekuasaan jaga hutan kita ya. Kalau gak kepada kalian kepada sapa lagi kita meminta tolong. Rencanakan pemanfaatan hutan demi kemaslahatan masyarakat bukan demi uang. Jangan jadi mafia hutan, kasian loh keluarganya kalau makan dari duit sogok. Lebih kasian lagi kalau pas generasi selanjutnya hutan mereka habis karena kelalaian kita saat ini.

Sedikit mengutip kata seorang tokoh Niccolo Machiavelli dalam novel The warlock karangan Michael Scott, 

Ingat bung, kita tidak hanya hidup demi manusia saja. Dan bukan hanya untuk generasi saat ini.

So, keep our earth healthy. Happy Earth Day :D