Coastal Jakarta Reclamation When A Solution Become Problems
9:07 AM
Reclamation construction is a result of politic negotiation. At first, maybe it's true that the island was build for the sake of economy development and as a solution to solve population increase, bu the implementation somehow beyond that. A lot of regulation seem to be broken by the developer including Environmental Impact Assessment.
Is it only Jakarta?
Reclamation has been become a solution for seeking a new land. Many countries executed this project, some of them are Hongkong, Singapore, South Korea, Japan, Uni Emirat, and Netherlands. We must admit that reclamation provides valuable land for coastal area and in Jakarta case, we now that this mega project will help the government to give more settlement for people in Jakarta. However, reclamation does have several issues. It will creates various engineering, environmental, and ecological problems (Jiao JJ et al. 2001). In this research, they studied about land reclamation in coastal. From their research they conclude that reclamation did change the ground water condition not only in the coastal side but also in the other side of the hill. They recommend to studied the response of ground water regime to a large-scale reclamation since it nay alter the coastal environment, flooding pattern, and stability of the slopes and foundations. Another research also stated that coastal area is a very sensitive area. So, to develop coastal area, the construction needs to be evaluated deeply from any possibility disturbances.
What is the effect of reclamation in Jakarta's Coastal?
Well, let's take a look at the map, you can browse it in your google earth if you want. You can see the date taken below the map of your google earth.
Although the construction was started in 2012, but the effect of reclamation could already be seen from the google earth. In google earth we could see a brownish colour covered the both C and D islands. The things that realy drawn public was the distance of the islands. These islands should be two islands. But as you can see in the map, they make it into one big island. Nono Sampono who is Director at PT Kapuk Niaga Indah, said that it is a construction mechanism. After the island hard enough the island will be separated. And you could also see that how near the D island to the land. And Mangrove Conservation forest is located exactly in the left of the bridge or behind the D island.
A local NGO that is work in mangrove protection and rehabilitation said that construction of reclamation island will give significant problems in the future if they didn't plan it well. The Leader, Nurul Ikhsan once said that one of mangrove conservation forest is becoming of his concern. We all know that mangrove forest in Jakarta is near extinction. He said that the ideal condition to conserve nature is by planting mangrove in the coastal, but in the implementation it is only cover 15 percents of Jakarta's coastal. Becker (1952) in Tarsoen Waryono (2006) stated that mangrove potention in coastal Jakarta in 1939 was 1210 ha. But in 2000 (Distanhut), it fall dramatically with only 310,50 ha. One of mangrove forest was located exactly behind D Island and C Island. Both island can be seen from the edge of the forest, and from what I've already seen there are no canal who can connect the forest with the sea. Minister of Environment and Forestry Siti Nurbaya in D Island said that the island interrupted mangrove growth. Even without disturbance Tarsoen Waryono said that density of mangrove forest is far behind the ideal condition. It is only 120 tree/ ha, while the ideal condition should be 900-1400 tree/ ha. Alikodra Hadi (1996) in his journal stated that mangrove could be used as protection from sea water.
As a part of a mega project of Indonesia government (Jakarta Great Sea Wall) to prevent flood in Jakarta, there are a lot of studied about reclamation. A policy paper from Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries said that there are several thing that need to be noted. Those are the sea level could rise 7,3 mm/ year, land derivation with average 15 cm/ year, and sediment that accumulate in coastal of Jakarta 42 tons/ year. Another thing that need to be consider is the change in sea current. In this research has been said that the current will be divided into two different type. Those are outside the wall and inside the wall where the islands located. Government should take a note that the flow dynamics will be decrease. This will lead to eutofication and a massive death of fish. And of course there are several issues that caused by the change of sea current, including salinity. This research also shows that if the sand from Serang is the only sources to construct this project then there will be a defisit of sand's sources by 245.836.000 m3.
A group of small scale fisherman also make a protest for this project. They said that because of reclamation islands they lost their fishing territory. From a disertation made by Nono Sampono (PT KNI), he admit that there will be several fisherman that will be impacted by this project. If the fishing territory is classified by its tools so the coverage area that will be impacted is 1527,34 ha. In the conclusion he stated that the project can be implemented as long as the procedure is fullfiled. And he also added that environmen sustainability need to be considered.
And there are a lot of others impact that you can see in the internet. Those are too much to be explained in this blog.
Is there any benefit from it?
As what I have stated above this project was designed to solve population problem. By making a new land, government can make a new settelement for its citizen. This new land could also lead to a new investment so that the economy can continue to grow. I am still can't decide is this project really effective to prevent flood like what it's supposed to be. But, one thing can I am sure is that this project really can help government to make a lot of houses and industry area to gain more economy profit.
However, government need to strictly observed the construction. From what I see the islands seems to take a wrong path from its initial golas. The settelement seems to be made for the rich. In one of traffic sign that was put in front of bridge to D islands it said that it is called golf island. Is it misuse or this is a real goal of the construction? Well I don't know.
What is regulation from the government to observe this project?
Because of many violation that was done by the developer, the central government ask them to stop all of the construction. To continue the development all of the developer need to fix all of the rule that was set by Ministry of Environment and Forestry (SK 354, SK 355, SK 356). In the first agreement with all the stakeholders the construction will be continued if the developer fulfill all of the condition that was asked by the ministry. This including to fix the distance of C and D islands, and also fix the distance beween D islands and the land (TWA Mangrove).
There are no updated information of how far the developer do the assignment. But in the newst news the new Minister of Marine Affairs Coordinator stated that there is nothing wrong to continue the construction. Well, who knows.
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| Reclamation Island Map Plan (source: google) |
Well, let's take a look at the map, you can browse it in your google earth if you want. You can see the date taken below the map of your google earth.
 |
| The islands shaped like a reverse L (source: google image) |
A local NGO that is work in mangrove protection and rehabilitation said that construction of reclamation island will give significant problems in the future if they didn't plan it well. The Leader, Nurul Ikhsan once said that one of mangrove conservation forest is becoming of his concern. We all know that mangrove forest in Jakarta is near extinction. He said that the ideal condition to conserve nature is by planting mangrove in the coastal, but in the implementation it is only cover 15 percents of Jakarta's coastal. Becker (1952) in Tarsoen Waryono (2006) stated that mangrove potention in coastal Jakarta in 1939 was 1210 ha. But in 2000 (Distanhut), it fall dramatically with only 310,50 ha. One of mangrove forest was located exactly behind D Island and C Island. Both island can be seen from the edge of the forest, and from what I've already seen there are no canal who can connect the forest with the sea. Minister of Environment and Forestry Siti Nurbaya in D Island said that the island interrupted mangrove growth. Even without disturbance Tarsoen Waryono said that density of mangrove forest is far behind the ideal condition. It is only 120 tree/ ha, while the ideal condition should be 900-1400 tree/ ha. Alikodra Hadi (1996) in his journal stated that mangrove could be used as protection from sea water.
As a part of a mega project of Indonesia government (Jakarta Great Sea Wall) to prevent flood in Jakarta, there are a lot of studied about reclamation. A policy paper from Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries said that there are several thing that need to be noted. Those are the sea level could rise 7,3 mm/ year, land derivation with average 15 cm/ year, and sediment that accumulate in coastal of Jakarta 42 tons/ year. Another thing that need to be consider is the change in sea current. In this research has been said that the current will be divided into two different type. Those are outside the wall and inside the wall where the islands located. Government should take a note that the flow dynamics will be decrease. This will lead to eutofication and a massive death of fish. And of course there are several issues that caused by the change of sea current, including salinity. This research also shows that if the sand from Serang is the only sources to construct this project then there will be a defisit of sand's sources by 245.836.000 m3.
A group of small scale fisherman also make a protest for this project. They said that because of reclamation islands they lost their fishing territory. From a disertation made by Nono Sampono (PT KNI), he admit that there will be several fisherman that will be impacted by this project. If the fishing territory is classified by its tools so the coverage area that will be impacted is 1527,34 ha. In the conclusion he stated that the project can be implemented as long as the procedure is fullfiled. And he also added that environmen sustainability need to be considered.
And there are a lot of others impact that you can see in the internet. Those are too much to be explained in this blog.
Is there any benefit from it?
As what I have stated above this project was designed to solve population problem. By making a new land, government can make a new settelement for its citizen. This new land could also lead to a new investment so that the economy can continue to grow. I am still can't decide is this project really effective to prevent flood like what it's supposed to be. But, one thing can I am sure is that this project really can help government to make a lot of houses and industry area to gain more economy profit.
However, government need to strictly observed the construction. From what I see the islands seems to take a wrong path from its initial golas. The settelement seems to be made for the rich. In one of traffic sign that was put in front of bridge to D islands it said that it is called golf island. Is it misuse or this is a real goal of the construction? Well I don't know.
What is regulation from the government to observe this project?
Because of many violation that was done by the developer, the central government ask them to stop all of the construction. To continue the development all of the developer need to fix all of the rule that was set by Ministry of Environment and Forestry (SK 354, SK 355, SK 356). In the first agreement with all the stakeholders the construction will be continued if the developer fulfill all of the condition that was asked by the ministry. This including to fix the distance of C and D islands, and also fix the distance beween D islands and the land (TWA Mangrove).
There are no updated information of how far the developer do the assignment. But in the newst news the new Minister of Marine Affairs Coordinator stated that there is nothing wrong to continue the construction. Well, who knows.
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